The textured, stucco-like popcorn ceilings we know today came into popularity in the middle of the 20th century for their ease of installation (they didn’t require painting over), ability to cover up imperfections in ceiling construction, and soundproofing characteristics.
The ceiling texture continued to be regularly used into the early 2000s, but if your home or the ceiling in question is likely older than the 1980s, it’s important you do a test for asbestos before going any further—the material was often used to improve the soundproofing capabilities. Hire a professional or take the necessary precautions before doing a DIY test.